Saturday, June 18, 2011

甚麼是雲計算?

喬布斯金口一開說「 iCloud」,勝過人家千言萬語!當然,除了蘋果Amazon Google也有它們的雲服務,前者不久前推出了 Cloud Drive,後者更強調雲根本就在他們的 DNA裏!

不過,雲計算(台譯「雲端運算」)究竟是甚麼?的確,雲計算對不同的人,會有不同理解。有些人把雲當為把伺服器放在數據中心託管,甚至只是網站寄存的新代名詞;也有些人認為,使用 Gmail這些應用,就是把電郵放上雲端。

另外一些人聽過了「 XaaS」,甚麼「 X」也可以有服務提供(「 aaS」即指 as a service),而最多人聽過的「 SaaS」,就是以服務形式提供軟件應用,最成功的例子大概是 Salesforce.com,但也有人說,這不過是十多年前的 ASP(應用服務供應商)的新瓶舊酒而已。

擺脫買軟硬件束縛

事實上,雲計算的確是有其新元素、新意思。在硬件和基建層面,新的數據中心技術和刀鋒伺服器等,令電腦運算效率大增,但也能夠變得較為節能;但更重要的可能卻是在軟件方面的新發展,如「虛擬化」技術和「虛擬機器」( Virtual machine)的概念,例如 Amazon的 EC2( Elastic Compute Cloud),用戶不用真的擁有,也可以「租用」虛擬的伺服器和儲存器。

這些例子都算是雲計算,但除了從技術角度理解,我們也可以從使用模式解讀雲。中國雲基地的技術總監張福波博士,把雲形容為「普惠勞動大眾」,就是能把電腦和網絡使用成本降至任何人都能負擔,或政府能有資源向所有人提供「公有雲」。

雲計算概念最「革命性」的思想,是用戶可擺脫購買硬件和軟件的束縛,將被「用多少、付多少」的「計算」取代,換句話說,雲計算將會變成用電一樣,甚至成為公共服務的一部份。

所以,如果把雲計算當為個別數據中心技術或軟件工具,就難怪有人會認為它只不過是新瓶舊酒,但雲計算應被正視為改變整個資訊傳播和計算服務鏈的新體系。

2011年6月18日 刋載於《蘋果日報》

6 Comments:

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